500 MB Nyheder Direkte fra Internet 2/500 MB nyheder direkte fra internet CD 2.iso/start/data/text/tc15-235.txt

Text File | 1995-05-12 | 26KB | 668 lines

From [e-mail]  Wed May 10 12:40:22 1995
by
1995
12:40:22 -0400
telecomlist-outbound; Wed, 10 May 1995 09:02:08 -0500
1995
09:02:06 -0500
To: [e-mail]


TELECOM Digest     Wed, 10 May 95 09:02:00 CDT    Volume 15 : Issue 235

Inside This Issue:                           Editor: Patrick A. Townson

    Country Codes (Clive D.W. Feather)
    Virtual Amateur Radio on the NET (Arthur Chandler)
    Re: U.S. Federal Suggestion Box in Cyberspace (Bradley Ward Allen)
    Re: Question About Calling Cards (Andrew Starte)
    Re: Phone Question Regards Transmission Problems (John Combs)
    Re: Mexico Billing Method: Digit Analysis or Meter Pulse? (David
Gay)

TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere
there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of
public service systems and networks including Compuserve and America
On Line. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the
moderated
newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'.

Subscriptions are available to qualified organizations and individual
readers. Write and tell us how you qualify:

                 * [e-mail] *

The Digest is edited, published and compilation-copyrighted by Patrick
Townson of Skokie, Illinois USA. You can reach us by postal mail, fax
or phone at:
                    9457-D Niles Center Road
                     Skokie, IL USA   60076
                       Phone: [phone]
                        Fax: [phone]
  ** Article submission address only: [e-mail] **

Our archives are located at lcs.mit.edu and are available by using
anonymous ftp. The archives can also be accessed using our email
information service. For a copy of a helpful file explaining how to
use the information service, just ask.

************************************************************************
*
*   TELECOM Digest is partially funded by a grant from the
*
* International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland
*
* under the aegis of its Telecom Information Exchange Services (TIES)
*
* project.  Views expressed herein should not be construed as represent-
*
* ing views of the ITU.
*
************************************************************************
*

Additionally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such
as yourself who provide funding in amounts deemed appropriate. Your help
is important and appreciated. A suggested donation of twenty dollars per
year per reader is considered appropriate. See our address above.

All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any
organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages
should not be considered any official expression by the organization.
----------------------------------------------------------------------



After the discussions about the Ukraine's new code and other related
changes, I've updated my list of country codes, which I thought the
readership might like.


Clive D.W. Feather     [e-mail]


# A line beginning with # is a comment.

# Codes after the country code
#  n: not used at present
#  s: shared with another country or territory
#  c: will change in the future

# Within descriptions, &12 means area code 12 within country code

# Tone codes (first is ring, second is engaged):
#  A: double ring, repeated regularly (UK ringing tone)
#  B: equal length on/off tones - about 1Hz (UK & USA engaged tone)
#  C: slow equal length on/off tones
#  D: fast equal length on/off tones - 2Hz to 3Hz
#  E: tones separated by long pauses (USA ringing tone)
#  F: long tones separated by short pauses

# The codes immediately before the name are the ISO 3166 two letter code
# for the country or territory. All countries/territories listed in ISO
# 3166 are listed here, and the ISO name is used.

1   s AB       AI Anguilla (&809)
1   s EF       AG Antigua and Barbuda (&809)
1   s CB       BS Bahamas, Commonwealth of the (&809)
1   s EB       BB Barbados (&809)
1   s CB       BM Bermuda (&809)
1   s AB       VG British Virgin Islands (&809)
1   s EB       CA Canada
1   s CB       KY Cayman Islands (&809)
1   s AB       DM Dominica, Commonwealth of (&809)
1   s EB       DO Dominican Republic (&809)
1   s AB       GD Grenada (&809)
1   s EB       JM Jamaica (&809)
1   s AB       MS Montserrat (&809)
1   s CB       PR Puerto Rico (&809)
1   s AB       KN Saint Kitts and Nevis (&809)
1   s AB       LC Saint Lucia (&809)
1   s AB       VC Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (&809)
1   c AB       TT Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of (&809, see 296)
1   s FD       TC Turks and Caicos Islands (&809)
1   s CB       VI US Virgin Islands (&809)
1   s          UM United States Minor Outlying Islands (&808)
1   s EB       US United States of America
20    CF       EG Egypt, Arab Republic of
210            MA (reserved for Morocco)
211            MA (reserved for Morocco)
212 s EB       MA Morocco, Kingdom of
212 s          EH Western Sahara (&8)
213   CB       DZ Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of
214            DZ (reserved for Algeria)
215            DZ (reserved for Algeria)
216   EB       TN Tunisia, Republic of
217            TN (reserved for Tunisia)
218   CF       LY Libyan Arab Jamahiriya S'list P. Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya
219            LY (reserved for Libya)
220   AB       GM Gambia, Republic of the
221   CD       SN Senegal, Republic of
222            MR Mauritania, Islamic Republic of
223   CB       ML Mali, Republic of
224   EC       GN Guinea, Revolutionary People's Rep'c of
225   CD       CI Cote D'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Republic of the
226   EB       BF Burkina Faso
227   CF       NE Niger, Republic of the
228   CB       TG Togo, Togolese Republic
229   CB       BJ Benin, People's Republic of
230   AB       MU Mauritius
231   ED       LR Liberia, Republic of
232   CB       SL Sierra Leone, Republic of
233   ED       GH Ghana, Republic of
234   CF       NG Nigeria, Federal Republic of
235   CB       TD Chad, Republic of
236   EB       CF Central African Republic
237   EB       CM Cameroon, United Republic of
238   CD       CV Cape Verde, Republic of
239   CB       ST Sao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic of
240            GQ Equatorial Guinea, Republic of
241   EB       GA Gabon, Gabonese Republic
242   CD       CG Congo, People's Republic of
243   CD       ZR Zaire, Republic of
244   CD       AO Angola, Republic of
245   EC       GW Guinea-Bissau, Republic of
246            IO British Indian Ocean Territory
247   [EA]B    GB Ascension Island
248   AB       SC Seychelles, Republic of
249            SD Sudan, Democratic Republic of the
250   CB       RW Rwanda, Rwandese Republic
251   ED       ET Ethiopia
252   CB       SO Somalia, Somali Democratic Republic
253   EB       DJ Djibouti, Republic of
254   AF       KE Kenya, Republic of
255   AD       TZ Tanzania, United Republic of (includes Zanzibar &54)
256   [AC]E    UG Uganda, Republic of
257   CB       BI Burundi, Republic of
258   EB       MZ Mozambique, People's Republic of
259            TZ (assigned to Zanzibar, see 255)
260   EF       ZM Zambia, Republic of
261   CB       MG Madagascar, Republic of
262   CB       RE Reunion
263   AB       ZW Zimbabwe
264   AB       NA Namibia
265   ED       MW Malawi, Republic of
266   AD       LS Lesotho, Kingdom of
267   AB       BW Botswana, Republic of
268   AB       SZ Swaziland, Kingdom of
269 s          KM Comoros, Federal and Islamic Republic of
269 s          YT Mayotte
27    AB       ZA South Africa, Republic of
280            -- Spare
281            -- Spare
282            -- Spare
283            -- Spare
284            -- Spare
285            -- Spare
286            -- Spare
287            -- Spare
288            -- Spare
289            -- Spare
290   FB       SH St. Helena
291            ER Eritrea
292            -- Spare
293            -- Spare
294            -- Spare
295   ED       SM San Marino, Republic of (never used and withdrawn, see
378)
296 n AB       TT Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of (see 1)
297   EB       AW Aruba
298   ED       FO Faeroe Islands
299   ED       GL Greenland
30    ED       GR Greece, Hellenic Republic
31    ED       NL Netherlands, Kingdom of the
32    CD       BE Belgium, Kingdom of
33  c CB       AD Andorra, Principality of (&628, see 376)
33  s CB       FX France (Metropolitan)
33  c CB       MC Monaco, Principality of (&93, see 377)
34    ED       ES Spain, Spanish State
350   AB       GI Gibraltar
351   EB       PT Portugal, Portuguese Republic
352   ED       LU Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of
353   AB       IE Ireland
354   CD       IS Iceland, Republic of
355            AL Albania, People's Socialist Republic of
356   AB       MT Malta, Republic of
357   AF       CY Cyprus, Republic of
358   ED       FI Finland, Republic of
359   ED       BG Bulgaria, People's Republic of
36    FD       HU Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic
370            LT Lithuania
371            LV Latvia
372            EE Estonia
373            MD Moldova, Republic of
374 n EB         AM Armenia
375 n EB         BY Belarus
376 n CB         AD Andorra, Principality of (see 33)
377 n CB         MC Monaco, Principality of (see 33)
378 n ED         SM San Marino, Republic of (see 39)
379 n ED         VA Vatican City State (see 39)
380   EB       UA Ukraine
381            YU Montenegro and Serbia
382            -- Spare
383            -- Spare
384            -- Spare
385            HR Hrvatska (Croatia)
386            SI Slovenia
387            BA Bosnia and Herzegowina
388            -- Spare
389            MK Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
39  s ED       IT Italy, Italian Republic
39  c ED       SM San Marino, Republic of (&541, see 295 and 378),
39  c ED       VA Vatican City State (&66982, see 379)
40    CB       RO Romania, Socialist Republic of
41  s EB       LI Liechtenstein, Principality of (&75)
41  s EB       CH Switzerland, Swiss Confederation
42  s ED       CZ Czech Republic (&1 to &6)
42  s ED       SK Slovakia (&7 to &9)
43    ED       AT Austria, Republic of
44    AB       GB United Kingdom of Great Britain & N. Ireland
45    BD       DK Denmark, Kingdom of
46    ED       SE Sweden, Kingdom of
47  s          BV Bouvet Island
47  s ED       NO Norway, Kingdom of
47  s          SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands (&795)
48    EB       PL Poland, Polish People's Republic
49    ED       DE Germany
500   EB       FK Falkland Islands
501   ED       BZ Belize
502   CD       GT Guatemala, Republic of
503   EB       SV El Salvador, Republic of
504   CD       HN Honduras, Republic of
505   EB       NI Nicaragua, Republic of
506   EB       CR Costa Rica, Republic of
507   EA       PA Panama, Republic of
508   CB       PM St. Pierre et Miquelon
509   [EF]B    HT Haiti, Republic of
51    EB       PE Peru, Republic of
52    ED       MX Mexico, United Mexican States
53    CB       CU Cuba, Republic of
54    EB       AR Argentina, Argentine Republic
55    EB       BR Brazil, Federative Republic of
56    AB       CL Chile, Republic of
57    ED       CO Colombia, Republic of
58    CD       VE Venezuela, Republic of
590   CF       GP Guadaloupe, including St. Barthelemy and French St.
Martin
591   EB       BO Bolivia, Republic of
592   AB       GY Guyana, Republic of
593   ED       EC Ecuador, Republic of
594   ED       GF French Guiana
595   EB       PY Paraguay, Republic of
596   CB       MQ Martinique
597   EB       SR Suriname, Republic of
598   EB       UY Uruguay, Eastern Republic of
599   EB       AN Netherlands Antilles
60    AB       MY Malaysia
61    AB       AU Australia, Commonwealth of
61    AB       CC Cocos Islands
62    EB       ID Indonesia, Republic of
63    EB       PH Philippines, Republic of the
64    AB       NZ New Zealand
65    AB       SG Singapore, Republic of
66    ED       TH Thailand, Kingdom of
670   EB       MP Northern Mariana Islands
671   EB       GU Guam
672 s AB       AQ Antarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S) (&1)
672 s AB       CX Christmas Island (&4)
672 s AB       HM Heard and McDonald Islands
672 s AB       NF Norfolk Island (&3)
673   AB       BN Brunei Darussalam
674   EB       NR Nauru, Republic of
675   AB       PG Papua New Guinea
676   EB       TO Tonga, Kingdom of
677   DB       SB Solomon Islands
678   ED       VU Vanuatu
679   AF       FJ Fiji
680   EB       PW Palau
681            WF Wallis and Futuna Islands
682   AB       CK Cook Islands
683            NU Niue
684   EB       AS American Samoa
685   AB       WS Samoa, Independent State of Western
686   EB       KI Kiribati
687   CB       NC New Caledonia
688            TV Tuvalu
689   CB       PF French Polynesia
690            TK Tokelau
691   EB       FM Micronesia, Federated States of
692   EB       MH Marshall Islands
693            -- Spare
694            -- Spare
695            -- Spare
696            -- Spare
697            -- Spare
698            -- Spare
699            -- Spare
7   c EB       AM Armenia (see 374)
7   c EB       BY Belarus (see 375)
7   c EB       GE Georgia (see 995)
7   s EB       KZ Kazakhstan
7   s EB       KG Kyrgyz Republic
7   s EB       RU Russian Federation
7   s EB       TJ Tajikistan
7   s EB       TM Turkmenistan
7   s EB       UZ Uzbekistan
800            -- Reserved for international called-party-pays services
801            -- Spare
802            -- Spare
803            -- Spare
804            -- Spare
805            -- Spare
806            -- Spare
807            -- Spare
808            -- Spare
809            -- Spare
81    EB       JP Japan
82    FB       KR Korea, Republic of (South)
830            -- Spare
831            -- Spare
832            -- Spare
833            -- Spare
834            -- Spare
835            -- Spare
836            -- Spare
837            -- Spare
838            -- Spare
839            -- Spare
84             VN Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of
850   ED       KP Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North)
851            -- Spare
852   AB       HK Hong Kong
853   EB       MO Macau
854            -- Spare
855            KH Cambodia, Kingdom of
856            LA Lao People's Democratic Republic
857            -- Spare
858            -- Spare
859            -- Spare
86    CB       CN China, People's Republic of (&6 assigned to Taiwan,
see 886)
870            -- Reserved for Inmarsat
871            -- Inmarsat (Atlantic East)
872            -- Inmarsat (Pacific)
873            -- Inmarsat (Indian)
874            -- Inmarsat (Atlantic West)
875            -- Reserved for Inmarsat
876            -- Reserved for Inmarsat
877            -- Reserved for Inmarsat
878            -- Reserved for national mobile telephone purposes
879            -- Reserved for national mobile telephone purposes
880   AB       BD Bangladesh, People's Republic of
881            -- Spare
882            -- Spare
883            -- Spare
884            -- Spare
885            -- Spare
886   EB       TW Taiwan (normally used, but not ITU-T allocation - see
86)
887            -- Spare
888            -- Spare
889            -- Spare
89             -- Reserved for payment codes (e.g. 891228 = AT&T calling
card)
90    EB       TR Turkey, Republic of (including Turkish Cyprus &5)
91    AB       IN India, Republic of

╖_


92    [EA][BD] PK Pakistan, Islamic Republic of
93             AF Afghanistan, Islamic State of
94    AB       LK Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of
95    EB       MM Myanmar
960   AF       MV Maldives, Republic of
961   CB       LB Lebanon, Lebanese Republic
962   AB       JO Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of
963   EB       SY Syrian Arab Republic
964   AB       IQ Iraq, Republic of
965   EB       KW Kuwait, State of
966   EB       SA Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of
967   EB       YE Yemen (former Yemen Arab Republic part)
968   FB       OM Oman, Sultanate of
969   ED       YE Yemen (former Yemen Democratic Republic part)
970            -- Spare
971   AB       AE United Arab Emirates
972   EB       IL Israel, State of
973   AB       BH Bahrain, State of
974   AB       QA Qatar, State of
975   AC       BT Bhutan, Kingdom of
976            MN Mongolia, Mongolian People's Republic
977   CE       NP Nepal, Kingdom of
978            -- Spare
979            -- Spare
98    ED       IR Iran, Islamic Republic of
990            -- Spare
991            -- Spare
992            -- Spare
993            -- Spare
994            AZ Azerbaijan
995 n EB       GE Georgia
996            -- Spare
997            -- Spare
998            -- Spare
999            -- Spare
???            TP East Timor
???            TF French Southern Territories
???            PN Pitcairn Island
???            GS South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

# Notes on spare codes.

# A spare code in the same zone (first digit) should be used if
available,
# otherwise a spare code in an adjacent zone, otherwise a spare code in
# the zone with the most spares left. Isolated spare codes should be
used
# first; if there are none, use the lowest code in the same zone, or the
# highest code in another zone.
# 88x spare codes are not to be used until all other 8xx spare codes
have
# been used.

------------------------------



BayMOO, an all-text virtual reality on the Internet, has implemented a
striking new techology for amateur radio operators (Hams). BayMOO has
just opened its Virtual Ham Central, a virtual room which is linked to
a server in Canada, which in turn is connected to hundreds of packet
radio stations all over the world. Anyone can enter the room and
follow several conversations at once -- usually in different
languages. Only licensed Ham operators can transmit from the room.

A licensed ham tells his or her callsign to Dr.J or Akira -- the
owners and builders of the room -- who then registers the visitor's
callsign in the room.  After the server link is activated, whatever
the operator types after the % sign is sent out over the link to all
connected packet stations.  A typical conversation might look like
this:

  *************************************************************
  <KO6OA> Hello -- anyone here tonight?
  <PY2NG> Boa noite -- Alguem aqui fala Portugues?
  <KE5IIE> Good evening, KO6OA -- we are recovering from the big storm
in
           Texas.
  <VE4DT> Bonsoir -- Jean QTH Quebec ici.
  <PU6I> Ola, PY2NG. Como esta o tempo em Rio?
  <KO6OA> Heard about that, KE5IIE. Any hams involved in emergency
          communications?
  <PY2NG> Bonsoir, Jean, de Joao QTH Rio.
  *************************************************************

  The Virtual Ham Center gives amateur radio operators a chance to
communicate with each other via text in a much faster and more
error-free medium than ever before.

  To reach the Virtual Ham Center at BayMOO:
          telnet baymoo.sfsu.edu  8888
  Login as guest, then type  @go Virtual Ham Center

  For more information, contact [e-mail]

------------------------------

key)


In article <[e-mail]>,  <[e-mail]> wrote:

> In <[e-mail]>, Donald E. Kimberlin
> <[e-mail]> wrote about a federal suggestion box.

> It would be nice if a million or so people just told them to put all
> federal documents (especially the tens of thousands of pages of
> federal regulations) online (with commercial contractors), then fire
> everybody in the federal government and start over from scratch. (Zero
> base head count).

That would certainly be nice.

Problem is those employees are human, and there are a couple of
functions that are actually vital.  Like the CDC, and many would argue
the DoD (as little as I like them I tend to agree).  However, in the
long run even *these* agencies and our society *may* (or may not)
benefit from your reorganization implementation plan.  Definately they
can both use a lot more computerization.

Ahh, my brain is synapsing about the efforts of the people to bandage
what sores a bully-operated system creates.  My brain feels happier
when it synapses about telecommunications and free information access
to all government documents ...

------------------------------



Thomas Feiner of Munich, Germany said:

> As I arrived at Atlanta Airport, I bought a prepaid phonecard from
> U.S. Telecard. I was very happy about the message features.  I had a
> special message PIN (different to the PIN which is needed to place a
> call), who allowed anybody who knew the PIN to leave me messages. This
> call was free for the caller, only I had to pay 80c for each message.

> Now, I would like to use this feature for international calls
> (especially from Germany). The problem is, that 800 numbers can not be
> reached from outside the U.S.

> So I would like to know if there are calling-cards (prepid or not)
> with an international message feature. I am interested in general
> information about calling-cards too.

Unitel is a UK based phonecard service provider. We focus in Intra
European business, so our rates are likely to be better for an
European.  We also handle the BIG European problem of dial pulse
phones.  Yes we can currently offer a message forwarding service on
"no answer" or engaged" calls and plan to offer voicemail type
features within 3 months.

Our cards are also rechargeable be credit card.

Mail me if you are interested in taking this further.


TTFN  Andrew Starte

Unitel Communications Limited (Principal UK Calling & Pre-paid Phone
Card
Service Providers)  For further details of our products and services
e-mail to [e-mail] or telephone [phone].

------------------------------



Anthony W Collins <[e-mail]> writes in TELECOM Digest
Volume 15, Issue 217:

>> Jack Mott <[e-mail]> writes:

>> We have recently added a third extension for our house.  Once every
>> four or five calls, the phone will stop sending my voice (I can still
>> hear the other party).  This happens regardless of which phone is
>> attached to the third extension, even an old and reliable Bell System
>> phone.  We do not experience this problem on the other two
extensions.

> What you describe is not possible. From your description the problem
> is with the four wire part of the circuit transmitter to hybrid in the
> set which usually ends up being the handset cord or the transmitter
> contacts (clean with an ereaser) I have to dispute the problem being
> in your jack wiring back to the central office. It may help to call
> your telephone repair department and request a full test on your line
> by a technician If you get a bad test disconnect any wiring that you
> are responsible for and have them test again and get a dispatch if
> their part of the line is bad so as not to incur any charges.  It is
> always helpful to clear up other minor problems when you are
> troubleshooting.

A little knowledge is always a dangerous thing.  The problem that Jack
is describing could very easily be caused by a faulty subscriber
carrier system.  In fact, he mentions he just added a third line to
the house.  It's entirely possible that there were only two pairs
going to the house, and the telco used a two channel subscriber
carrier such as a GTE 84A to piggyback the third "line" onto one of
the two copper pairs.  Or he could be served by a larger carrier
system such as an AT&T SLC 5 or SLC 96, and just happens to have a
defective line card on the third line to his house.  Unfortunately,
the problem is intermittent, so he will no doubt have trouble
convincing the telco to keep trying until it shows up.


John Combs, Project Engineer, TestMark Laboratories,
[e-mail]

------------------------------



In article <[e-mail]> Jan Hinnerk Haul
<[e-mail].
de> writes:

> In comp.dcom.telecom is written:

> Does Mexico / Central America use a digit analysis method for
> calculating charges, or a metered pulse method?  What I'm actually
> refering to is the SMDR output on a PBX.  I believe the U.S. is in the
> minority in using digit analysis, or am I wrong?

Well, it depends ...

Most countries (errr ... PTTs / carriers) give call supervision data
to the PBX in some form or the other.

Typical methods are high-frequency pulses on top of the voice signal
(e.g., Germany uses 16 khz). These pulses are filtered out by the
PBX. Each pulse signals that one "unit" or "tick" of charge applies.

Other possible methods are a 50hz signal, and polarity reversal (between
the A & B lines).

The drawback of number analysis is, of course, that no call
supervision is possible, letting users being "billed" with uncompleted
calls if they wait longer than the set timeout period and letting very
brief calls unbilled. If your interest is mainly to catch the
expensive calls, like an office setup, this is fine. When you want to
bill the calls (like an hotel setup), it is not as easily acceptable.

Payphones in some countries use digit analysis, but detect the start
of the call with one of the above methods (polarity reversal, etc), thus
avoiding that particular problem.


David Gay    [e-mail]

------------------------------

End of TELECOM Digest V15 #235
******************************